Oyo State was created in February 1976 as a result of the creation of three States out of the former Western State by the Federal Military Government of Nigeria. The State is bounded in the north by Kwara State, in the east by Osun State, in the south by Ogun State and in the west partly by Ogun State and partly by the Republic of Benin.

Oyo State is homogenous and mainly inhabited by the Yoruba ethnic group who are primarily agrarian but have a predilection for living in high density urban centers. The indigenes comprise the Oyos, the Ibadans, the Ogbomosos, the Iseyins, the Kisis, the Okehos, the Sakis, the Eruwas, the Lanlates, the Awes, the Ibarapas and the Igbo Oras all belonging to the Yoruba family and speaking the same Yoruba language.

The State covers an area of approximately 35,743 square kilometres, the State is made up of Thirty Three (33) Local Governments. These are: Afijo, Akinyele, Egbeda, Ibadan Central, Ibadan NorthEast, Ibadan South-West, Ibadan South-East, Ibarapa, Ido, Ifedapo, Ifeloju, Irepo, Iseyin, Kajola, Lagelu, Ogbomosho North, Ogbomosho South, Oyo West, Atiba, Atigbo, Saki East, Itesiwaju, Iwajowa, Ibarapa North, Iyamapo/Olorunsogo, Oluyole, Ogo-Oluwa, Surulere, Orelope, Orire, Oyo and Ona-Ara.

The Climate is equatorial, notably with dry and wet seasons with relatively high humidity. The dry season lasts from November to March while the wet season starts from April and ends in October. Average daily temperature ranges between 25 degrees Celsius and 35 degrees Celsius, almost throughout the year.

The landscape consists of old hard rocks and dome shaped hills, which rise gently from about 500 meters in the southern part and reaching a height of about 1,219m above sea level in the northern part. Some principal rivers such as Ogun, Oba, Oyan, Otin, Ofiki, Sasa, Oni, Erinle and Osun take their sources from this highland.

The vegetation is mostly evergreen forests, found in the southern part of the State where lumbering, plantation farming of cocoa, oil palm, coffee etc. are encouraged.